However, there is little work focusing on the innovation outputs of creative industries and on how clustering really impacts their innovation performance and dynamic at the local and regional levels. The second strand concentrates on the way these industries cluster and directly contribute to local and regional economies (spatial perspective). The first strand looks at innovation characteristics and processes in the arts and the creative industries (sectoral perspective). Two main strands of literature have tried to capture this. It does not store any personal data.In the last 10 years, there has been a shift from a focus on the direct economic contribution of the creative industries to their innovation capacities and indirect economic contribution. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category 'Performance'. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin.

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